Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland that does not produce enough thyroid hormones. Services include:

• Diagnostic Testing: Blood tests to measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4).
• Medical Management: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy, typically with levothyroxine.
• Patient Education: Information on medication adherence and recognizing symptoms of over- or under-treatment.

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland producing excess thyroid hormones. Services include:

• Diagnostic Testing: Blood tests to measure TSH, free T4, and free triiodothyronine (T3) levels; radioactive iodine uptake test; thyroid scan.
• Medical Management: Antithyroid medications (methimazole, propylthiouracil), beta-blockers for symptom relief.
• Radioactive Iodine Therapy: Use of radioactive iodine to reduce thyroid activity.
• Surgical Interventions: Thyroidectomy for patients who do not respond to other treatments or have large goiters.

Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid nodules are lumps in the thyroid gland that may be benign or malignant. Services include:

• Diagnostic Testing: Ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and thyroid function tests.
• Medical Management: Monitoring benign nodules with regular ultrasound and physical exams.
• Surgical Interventions: Thyroidectomy or lobectomy for suspicious or cancerous nodules.

Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer involves the growth of malignant cells in the thyroid gland. Services include:

• Diagnostic Testing: Ultrasound, FNAB, CT scans, MRI, and thyroid function tests.
• Medical Management: Radioactive iodine therapy, thyroid hormone suppression therapy.
• Surgical Interventions: Total or partial thyroidectomy, followed by radioactive iodine therapy if needed.
• Oncological Care: Multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, surgeons, and endocrinologists.

Goiter

Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that can cause swelling in the neck. Services include:

• Diagnostic Testing: Ultrasound, thyroid function tests, and CT/MRI if necessary.
• Medical Management: Treating the underlying cause, such as iodine deficiency or thyroid dysfunction.
• Surgical Interventions: Thyroidectomy in cases of large goiters causing symptoms or cosmetic concerns.

Thyroiditis

Thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid gland that can cause either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Services include:

• Diagnostic Testing: Blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels, antibodies, and inflammatory markers; ultrasound.
• Medical Management: Anti-inflammatory medications, thyroid hormone replacement, or antithyroid medications depending on the phase of thyroiditis.
• Patient Education: Information on the course of thyroiditis and monitoring symptoms.