Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells, is managed with:

• Diagnostic Testing: Blood glucose tests, HbA1c tests, and C-peptide tests.
• Insulin Therapy: Various forms of insulin, including rapid-acting, long-acting, and combination regimens.
• Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM): Devices to provide real-time glucose readings.
• Patient Education: Training on insulin administration, carbohydrate counting, and managing blood sugar levels.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, is managed with:

• Diagnostic Testing: Blood glucose tests, HbA1c tests, lipid profiles, and kidney function tests.
• Medical Management: Oral hypoglycemic agents (metformin, sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors), non-insulin injectables (GLP-1 receptor agonists), and insulin therapy if needed.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Nutritional counseling, exercise programs, and weight management.
• Patient Education: Information on managing diet, physical activity, and medication adherence.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and requires careful monitoring and management. Services include:

• Diagnostic Testing: Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during pregnancy.
• Medical Management: Dietary modifications, blood glucose monitoring, and insulin therapy if necessary.
• Prenatal Care: Regular monitoring of fetal growth and maternal health.
• Postpartum Follow-Up: Screening for persistent diabetes after delivery.

Prediabetes

Prediabetes, a condition with elevated blood sugar levels not yet reaching the threshold for diabetes, is managed with:

• Diagnostic Testing: Blood glucose tests, HbA1c tests.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Intensive lifestyle intervention programs focusing on diet, physical activity, and weight loss.
• Medical Management: Medications such as metformin for high-risk individuals.